The major cause of acne is the overactivity or the excess secretion by the sebaceous glands of oily substances in the skin. Individuals with acne have sebaceous glands that are extraordinarily sensitive to testosterone in normal blood levels. Testosterone is a hormone that is found in both male and females. People who have acne have sensitive testosterone that signals the sebaceous glands to secrete sebum excessively. While sebum is being produced, the dead skin cells clog up the hair follicle openings if these dead cells are not shed properly.

These two processes when combined results to the building up of oil in the follicles of hair. This in turn leads to the formation of blackheads and whiteheads. In some cases, acne of individuals stops progressing beyond the mentioned stage.

However for some people, aside from the effects of the oil build-up, it will produce a suitable surrounding for a type of bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes to live. However, these bacteria normally do not cause harm on your skin when this happens. They typically nourish on sebum and eventually produce substances that often lead to certain reactions from your immune system. This explains the skin redness and spots that may appear in your skin coupled with inflammation.

In instances of severe inflammatory acne, beneath the skin surface may develop cysts. The danger comes of the possibility of the cysts to rupture. When this happens the infection may spread into surrounding skin tissues. This usually leads in scarring.

Misconceptions of Acne

These are few of the common misconceptions or myths of acne:

• That acne is caused by eating chocolate or fatty foods
• That acne is caused by build-up of dirt – blackheads acquire their dark color through excess in skin pigment not by the color of dirt.

Acne Symptoms

Terms relating to several types of skin acne are often confusing. These skin conditions are commonly used interchangeably. This is the importance of learning each term and their corresponding symptoms. It is important to note that the proper identification of these skin conditions is helpful in determining the right treatment.

Types of Acne: The following are the common types of acne :

Lesion - Due to a disease or injury, body tissues may physically change. The location of lesions may either be internal which may be in cirrhosis of the liver, lung cancer, and atherosclerosis in a blood vessel. Or it may be external which may be found in psoriatic plaque, knife cut, and skin cancer.

Comedo or Comedones – When dead cells, bacteria, tiny hairs, and sebum plug the follicles, comedo or comedones (plural) begin to appear. It is often termed as a blackhead when a comedo is open because of the blackish appearance of the surface of the follicle. On the other hand, a closed comedo is frequently termed as a whitehead; it resembles that of a slightly inflamed or skin-colored bump in the skin. The difference in the color of a blackhead and a whitehead is because of the distended follicular opening as compared to the narrow or closed opening of the plugged sebaceous follicle.

Papule – It is a solid lesion raised above the surface of the skin with an average size of 5 millimeters.

Pustule – A pustule consists of a fragile lesion with a shape of a little dome that contains a mixture of bacteria, white blood cells, and dead skin (pus). Pustules that develop above a sebaceous follicle typically have a hair in its core. Mild pustules that do not progress into a cyst and heals overtime will leave no scars.

Macule – When an acne lesion heals, it leaves a temporary red spot called the macule. It appears to be flat and usually takes the color of a red-pink or red with a distinctive border. The macule may exist for a few days to weeks before disappearing without any treatment. The presence of clusters of macules in one area at a time gives the face an inflamed presentation.

Nodule – Similar to a papule, a nodule is a dome-shaped, solid lesion. Characteristics of a nodule include: inflammation, tissue destruction, scarring, and can probe into the deeper layers of the skin. This explains why a nodule can be very painful. Nodules are considered severe forms of acne that are resistant to therapies or treatments except isotretinoin.

Cyst – It is a sac-like lesion filled with liquid or partially liquid material consisting of bacteria, blood cells, and dead cells. Its size is a little more than a pustule and may have the characteristics of inflammation, pain, and scarring. Nodules and cysts may develop at one time to form severe acne called nodulocystic.

Diagnosis for Acne Disease

There a two basic methods for diagnosing acne which is through physical examination and history. Acne lesions are commonly found in areas where there is great concentration of the sebaceous glands. These areas include the arms, back, chest, the face, and neck.

Any disorder of the skin that has microscopic micromedo as its initial pathology is termed as acne vulgaris. Eventually, inflammatory nodules, papules, and pustules may come into the picture. Usually acne can be triggered or aggravated by factors such as medications, mechanical obstruction, or occupational exposures. You should consult your physicians concerning common medications that may even contribute to the cause or symptoms of acne. Emollients and cosmetics may occlude follicles thus resulting to eruption of acneiform. A localized erythematous pustular or popular eruption can be a result of topical corticosteroids producing perioral dermatitis.

Acne Treatment and Medication

Acne does not only give you physical deformations but also emotional stress. But don’t worry, there are a number of treatments to consider depending on the type and severity of acne that you may have. However, these treatments prevent the occurrence of further acne; improve the symptoms at hand, and to eliminate scarring in certain cases.

Home Treatment and Remedies for Acne

Hygiene is still the best prevention for acnes. Make sure to keep acne-prone areas of the skin clean. Washing such areas twice a day with a cleanser is a good practice. Since the skin needs a considerable amount of oil to maintain its a natural condition, do away washing your skin with soaps containing strong agents.

Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments are now available to remedy mild acne. OTC medications usually have antibacterial agents including benzoyl peroxide (Oxy and Clearasil Max).

Remember that home treatment do not work immediately. Significant results will usually take weeks or months to manifest. If after 2 months there are still no noticeable effects, you may either have severe acne or your treatment does not entirely render effective.

Topical Treatments for Acne

There are also a number of topical treatments that may be prescribed by your physicians including:

• Topical antibiotic (Dalacin T) lotions are effective in controlling P. acnes bacteria. Topical treatments should be administered for at least six months. Combinations of acne medications and an antibiotic are also available at pharmacies (Benzoyl peroxide is combined with Benzamycin).
• Azelaic acid (Skinoren) is a good substitute to benzoyl peroxide and may not have the effect of sores on your skin as that of benzoyl peroxide.
• Topical retinoids such as Adapalene are medications that are based on vitamin A. These treatments are usually rubbed into the skin once or twice a day. Topical retinoids promote the outer layer of skin to flake off dead skin cells.

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